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About. Martin Armstrong was born in New Jersey the son of a lawyer and Lt. Col under General Patton in World War II. Martin was encouraged by his father to get involved in computers during the mid-1960s. He completed engineering both in hardware and software but after being offered positions by a government contractor RCA in Thule Greenland ...
- Monetary System
- Lifetime Issues
- Posthumous Issues
- Colonial
Livia as Salvs on AE Dupondius When Livia served as Empress of Rome, tradition had not yet developed where the portrait of a woman would appear on the coinage. Consequently, the coinage with Latin legends displays the portrait of Livia as a god, similar in fashion to Pompey’s likeness, which was applied to the portrait of the Roman god Janus on the...
Mints:Bithynia, Bosporus, Caria, Corinth, Cilicia, Crete, Egypt, Ionia, Lydia, Macedonia, Mysia, Phrygia, Sicily, Spain, Syritica, Thrace, Zeugitana
DENOMINATIONS
Postumus Issues by Tiberius following Livia’s death Æ Sesterius Carpentum drawn by two mules Æ Dupondius portrayed as Pietas Æ Dupondius portrayed as Justitia Æ Dupondius portrayed as Salvs Posthumous Issues by Titus following Livia’s death Æ Dupondius portrayed as Pietas Æ Dupondius portrayed as Justitia
COUNTERSTAMPS
Æ Sestertius (Countermark NCAPR (Nummus Caesare Augusto PRobatus?) Pangerl 60 Æ Dupondius (IVSTITA) “NCAPR” Æ Dupondius (Pietas) “NCAPR” The “NCAPR” counterstamps appear to be the most common of the era that was most likely struck upon the base metal coinage predating Nero’s reign when only gold and silver were minted in his name from the mint of Rome. Most agree that Nero applied them since they do not appear on his coins. The general conclusion has been that the translation means one of two...
The development of the banking industry was a milestone in the evolution of civilization. Both the banking industry and the monetary system fostered interaction among the peoples of the world thus allowing international trade. This new age of interaction is the foundation of civilization.
About Martin Armstrong. Spread the love. Our founder, Martin Armstrong, began trading in the mid-1960s. He noticed that it did not matter what the investment was; everything would rally in the heat of a buying panic and then crash in the blink of an eye. His history teacher in high school brought in a black & white movie, The Toast of New York ...
Mariniana was the wife of Valerian I and the mother of Valerian II and Gallienus. Based upon her surviving coinage, it would appear that she died prior to her husband’s accession to the the throne of the Roman Empire. All her coins are thus commemorative by nature. Monetary System.
Sabina Poppaea was the second wife of Emperor Nero. She was the daughter of Titus Ollius and granddaughter of the famed proconsul Poppaeus Sabinus. Her mother, of the same name, was reportedly hounded to death by Messalina, the notorious wife of the Emperor Claudius.
Cynethryth was the wife of the powerful Offa, King of Mercia. Offa's ambitions to carve out a united kingdom is also demonstrated by his monetary reforms.
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