越南簽證申請表香港下載 相關
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2023年8月31日 · Although breastfeeding is practiced by 98% of mothers in Vietnam, infant breastfeeding behaviors remain far from World Health Organization recommendations and continues to decline. This study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of an infant’s life.
International Breastfeeding Journal encompasses all aspects of breastfeeding. The journal addresses the need for a high quality multi-disciplinary journal in the field. Breastfeeding is recognized as an important public health issue with enormous social and economic implications. Infants who do not receive breast milk are likely to experience ...
- Results of The Search
- Participants and Settings
- Interventions
- Comparisons
- Risk of Bias
- Effects of Interventions
- Timing
- Frequency
- Mode of Provision
- Provider
The searches resulted in 5180 original records and a further 11 records were identified through checking reference lists of included studies and published systematic reviews. We excluded 4837 titles and abstracts. We assessed 354 full text articles and excluded 248, leaving 106 articles reporting 82 studies (see Fig. 1). Nineteen studies were subse...
The participants in the 63 trials comprised 33,073 women and their infants (range 41–9675) from 26 countries. Almost two thirds of the studies, representing 76% of the participants, were from 10 high-income countries (40 studies; 25,223 participants). Fourteen studies, involving 3236 participants (10% of participants) were from nine upper middle-in...
A broad range of interventions was apparent across the 63 studies. The amount and nature of counselling along with detail of interventions reported varied considerably. Interventions commonly included an element of education, for example, about the importance and benefits to health of exclusive breastfeeding, but women were usually also encouraged ...
Most comparisons were described in the studies as usual or standard care and in ten studies this included either care in a UNICEF/WHO accredited hospital [50, 63, 66, 76, 77], working towards accreditation or a session using UNICEF/WHO guidelines [57, 59, 61, 75]. In 11 studies extra contacts were provided either to support women with different as...
Included studies were judged to be of mixed risk of bias across all domains. For example, just under half (49%) were judged to be at low risk of bias for allocation concealment; 40% were judged to be at low risk of bias for blinding of outcome assessment and 46% were judged to be of low risk of bias for incomplete outcome data. It was difficult to ...
Counselling interventions compared to no counselling/standard care
Table 1 shows the pooled effects of counselling interventions on eight of the nine outcomes of this review; no trials assessed breastfeeding rates at 24 months. Counselling interventions reduced the risk of women stopping any breastfeeding at 4 to 6 weeks by 15% (risk ratio [RR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77,0.94), and at 6 months by 8% (RR 0.92, CI 0.87,0.97). For exclusive breastfeeding the effect was greater with a 21% (RR 0.79, CI 0.72, 0.87) reduction at 4 to 6 weeks and a 16%...
Sub-group analyses: intervention characteristics
Because of the low number of relevant trials, we did not conduct sub-group analyses for two outcomes: number of women who stop breastfeeding at 12 months (two trials), and number of newborns given prelacteal or other foods or fluids within the first 2 days following birth (one trial).
Table 2 shows the effects of counselling interventions according to whether the intervention was provided antenatally, postnatally, or both. For ‘any breastfeeding’, six trials provided low quality evidence that counselling interventions delivered both antenatally and postnatally were more effective in reducing the risk of women stopping any breast...
Table 3 shows the pooled effect of counselling interventions categorised by whether counselling was delivered fewer than four times or four or more times. Interventions delivered four or more times showed a statistically significant effect on both any and exclusive breastfeeding, but the effect size was greater for exclusive breastfeeding. The grea...
We conducted sub-group analyses according to whether the counselling was delivered face-to-face, by telephone, or included a combination of both (see Table 4). The greatest effect was again for exclusive breastfeeding at 4 to 6 weeks where there was low quality evidence from 17 comparisons (3550 women) that face-to-face counselling reduced the risk...
Sub-group analysis was conducted according to whether the intervention was delivered by lay, non-lay personnel, or by both (Table 5). The largest effect was on reducing the risk of women not initiating breastfeeding within the first hour when counselling was delivered by non-lay personnel, the reduction being 42% based on low quality evidence from ...
2011年6月15日 · Clinicians, public health advisors, nutritionists and others have been attempting to increase breastfeeding rates for the last few decades, with varying degrees of success. We need social science researchers to help us understand the role of infant feeding in the family. Some researchers in the area of food and nutrition have found Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework helpful. In this ...
2009年4月29日 · Ultrasound imaging has been used extensively to detect abnormalities of the non-lactating breast. In contrast, the use of ultrasound for the investigation of pathology of the lactating breast is limited. Recent studies have re-examined the anatomy of the lactating breast highlighting features unique to this phase of breast development. These features should be taken into consideration along ...
2020年7月17日 · Maternal perception of milk insufficiency is a global challenge, and its impacts may vary across cultural contexts [ 14 ]. It is critical to examine maternal perception of milk supply and relevant factors in a developing country, like Indonesia, where exclusive breastfeeding is essential for infant health.
