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    • Study Design, Population, and Setting
    • Data Collection and Definitions
    • Outcomes
    • Secondary Analysis
    • Statistical Analysis
    • Ethical Considerations

    This was a retrospective observational study with no patient contact. It was conducted at a tertiary perinatal center (The National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center) in Japan. We included live babies who were born at ≥37 weeks of gestation between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. We excluded cases of multiple births, cases in wh...

    We retrospectively obtained the demographic and perinatal data from the patients’ medical records. The following maternal and neonatal variables were assessed: maternal age, prepregnancy weight, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, infertility treatment, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, gestational week at deliv...

    The outcome was excessive weight loss, which was defined as a weight reduction of ≥10% in the first 5 days of life in relation to the birth weight.

    We examined whether there were any newborns who required intravenous therapy due to hypoglycemia or dehydration. We also investigated the association between neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy and a higher weight loss. We analyzed the blood test results of newborns who experienced a weight reduction of ≥10%. The plasma osmolality was calculat...

    Data were entered in the Microsoft Excel software program (version 14.1.0; Microsoft®, Redmond, WA, USA) and exported to EZR (version 3.1.2; Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan), which was used to carry out the statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the means (± standard deviations) and...

    This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical under protocol number 2019079, approved on October 10, 2019, with opt-out consent to obtain patient data from the medical records. No ethical issues arose during this study as it was retrospective and all data were anonymous.

    • Yasuhiro Miyoshi, Hideyo Suenaga, Mikihiro Aoki, Shigeki Tanaka
    • 2020
  2. 2022年5月27日 · The relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology.