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6 天前 · Cancer, group of numerous distinct diseases that are characterized by the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer is a major cause of sickness and death worldwide. Learn more about the history of cancer, cancer rates and trends, and the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
2024年3月30日 · stomach. esophagus. pharynx. mouth. intestine. gastrointestinal tract, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. See digestion.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Structures and functions of the human digestive system. The abdominal organs are supported and protected by the bones of the pelvis and ribcage and are covered by the greater omentum, a fold of peritoneum that consists mainly of fat. The digestive tract begins at the lips and ends at the anus. It consists of the mouth, or oral cavity, with its ...
2024年4月22日 · Theodor Billroth (born April 26, 1829, Bergen auf Rügen, Prussia [Germany]—died Feb. 6, 1894, Abbazia, Austria-Hungary [now Opatija, Croatia]) was a Viennese surgeon, generally considered to be the founder of modern abdominal surgery. Billroth’s family was of Swedish origin.
3 天前 · Chemical composition of the body. Chemically, the human body consists mainly of water and of organic compounds —i.e., lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Water is found in the extracellular fluids of the body (the blood plasma, the lymph, and the interstitial fluid) and within the cells themselves.
Because many substances are known to be poisonous to life (whether plant, animal, or microbial), toxicology is a broad field, overlapping with biochemistry, histology, pharmacology, pathology, and many other disciplines. The study and classification of toxic substances was first systematized by Matthieu Orfila (1787–1853) in the 19th century.
Article History. Related Topics: Gram-negative bacterium. antigen. toxin. exotoxin. Bt toxin. endotoxin, toxic substance bound to the bacterial cell wall and released when the bacterium ruptures or disintegrates. Endotoxins consist of lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein complexes.
