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Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI) is a major regional hub and is augmented by numerous public airports throughout the state. The port of Baltimore has excellent facilities for freight shipments and is one of the country’s busiest
Dulles International Airport is 26 miles (42 km) west of the city in Loudoun county, Virginia. Both Virginia airports were acquired in 1987 by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport is about 30 miles (48 km) north of Washington, near Baltimore. Read More.
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- Overview
- Open apron and linear designs
- Pier and satellite designs
- Transporter designs
- Remote pier designs
As passenger throughput at airports increases, the passenger terminal becomes a more important element of the airport, attaining a dominant status in the largest facilities. The passenger terminal may amount to less than 10 percent of the total investment in a small airport, but at large airports terminals often account for more than 70 percent of infrastructural investment. The design that is ultimately adopted depends principally on the passenger volumes to be served and the type of passenger involved.
Passengers are frequently classified as business or leisure, scheduled or charter, originating or destined, and transfer or transit. Business travelers tend to pay significantly higher fares, and airlines usually wish to provide a high quality of service in order to attract such traffic. The passenger terminal at Heathrow Airport near London, for example, was designed to a very high standard of space and decor to attract just this type of passenger. Scheduled and charter passengers, meanwhile, tend to have very different needs in the terminal, especially at check-in and in the provision of ground transportation. Palma Airport, on the Spanish island of Majorca, has a landside that is designed to accommodate large numbers of charter tourists arriving and departing the airport by bus.
Some airports have a very high percentage of passengers who are either transiting the airport (i.e., continuing on the same flight) or transferring to another flight. At Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport in Georgia and at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, for example, two-thirds of all passengers transfer to other flights and do not visit the cities where the airports are sited. These passengers have special needs but usually only on the airside of the terminal. There is no need to provide parking or ground transportation to the city for such passengers; they will, however, need transit lounges and other areas such as transit check-in desks.
Airports that receive a large number of transferring and transiting passengers are referred to as hubbing airports. At a hub, aircraft arrive in waves, and passengers transfer between aircraft during the periods when these waves are on the ground. By using a “hub-and-spoke” network, airlines are able to increase the load factors on aircraft and to provide more frequent departures for passengers—at the cost, however, of inconvenient interchange at the hub.
The oldest and simplest layout for passenger terminals is the open apron design, in which aircraft park on the apron immediately adjacent to the terminal and passengers walk across the apron to board the aircraft by mobile steps. Frequently, the aircraft maneuver in and out of the parking positions under their own power. As airports grow, however, ...
Where one building must serve a larger number of aircraft gates, the pier concept, originally developed in the 1950s, has been found very useful. Frankfurt International Airport in Germany and Schiphol Airport near Amsterdam still use such terminals. In the late 1970s, pier designs at Chicago’s O’Hare and Atlanta’s Hartsfield successfully handled i...
In the early 1960s the transporter concept originated as a method of reducing aircraft maneuvering on the apron and of eliminating the need for passengers to climb up and down stairways in order to enter or exit the aircraft. In a concept derived from much older designs (such as that at Linate in Milan, where ordinary apron buses are used), passeng...
The remote pier was introduced at Atlanta’s Hartsfield in the early 1980s. In this concept, passengers are brought out to a remote pier by an automatic people mover and there embark or disembark in the conventional manner. The system has proved very efficient for handling transfer passengers, but the long distances involved in the terminal layout n...
2024年5月14日 · Airport, site and installation for the takeoff and landing of aircraft. An airport usually has paved runways and maintenance facilities and serves as a terminal for passengers and cargo. Learn more about the history and design of airports in this article.
airport, Site and installations for the takeoff and landing of aircraft. Early airports were open grass-covered fields, called landing fields, that allowed a pilot to head directly into the wind to aid a plane’s lift on takeoff and to decrease its speed on landing.
21 小時前 · Washington, D.C., capital of the United States, coextensive with the District of Columbia, located on the northern shore of the Potomac River. Often referred to simply as D.C., the city is an international metropolis, a picturesque tourist destination, and an unmatched treasury of the country’s history and artifacts.
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