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2023年8月11日 · Research. Open access. Published: 11 August 2023. Current prevalence, changes, and determinants of breastfeeding practice in China: data from cross-sectional national household health services surveys in 2013 and 2018. Zeyu Li, Yufei Jia, Iris Parshley, Yaoguang Zhang, Jia Wang & Qian Long.
- Zeyu Li
- Study Setting and Context
- Measurements
- Statistical Analysis
Generation XXI (GXXI) is a population-based prospective birth cohort that initially enrolled a total of 8647 newborns between April 2005 and August 2006 from all five public maternity units of the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal . Information was collected on maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as parental lifestyle (e....
Outcome measures
Type of breastfeeding practices was defined in three categories: exclusive formula when the child never received breast milk; exclusive breastfeeding when the child was only fed with breast milk, and it was considered until formula or another type of foods and beverages were introduced and breastfeeding stopped; and mixed if combined breast milk with formula or other type of foods any time (i.e., concurrently since birth or when the child was exclusively breastfed for a period of time and the...
Exposure measure
A woman was classified as migrant if (a) she was born abroad and both parents were foreign born or (b) she was born abroad and one or both parents were Portuguese born and she moved to Portugal at the age of 18 or later. Otherwise, the participant was considered Portuguese . Time since migration to Portugal was used as a proxy for measuring acculturation and social integration into Portuguese society. We adopted and adapted published classification and assessed the level of acculturation...
Covariates
Potential confounders considered in analysis included maternal and child specific factors measured at birth: maternal age (< 20, 20–34 and ≥ 35 years), education (basic, secondary or tertiary), employment (employed or unemployed) and household income classified based on euros (€)/month as ≤1000 (low), 1001–1500 (medium) and > 1500 (high), parity (primiparae or multiparae), maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI < 25, underweight/normal weight or ≥ 25 kg/m2, overweight/obese), smoking dur...
Sociodemographic, obstetric and infant as well as breastfeeding characteristics were described by maternal country of birth (Portugal, other European countries, South American and African). Proportions were compared using the Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. For immigrant mothers, we also described their length...
- Musa Abubakar Kana, Musa Abubakar Kana, Carina Rodrigues, Maria João Fonseca, Ana Cristina Santos, H...
- 2018
2022年12月2日 · International Breastfeeding Journal 17, Article number: 83 ( 2022 ) Cite this article. 3878 Accesses. 7 Citations. 2 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. Background. Exclusive breastfeeding is the optimal infant nutrition, providing infants immunoprotection against many diseases including SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2006年11月24日 · 13k Accesses. 15 Citations. Metrics. Abstract. Background. There have been considerable changes in breastfeeding practices in China over the past forty years. However China is a very large country, and breastfeeding rates in different parts of China vary considerably.
2020年12月1日 · International Breastfeeding Journal 15, Article number: 102 ( 2020 ) Cite this article. 14k Accesses. 26 Citations. Metrics. Abstract. Background. Exclusive breastfeeding rates in many high-income countries are considerably lower than the World Health Organization recommendations.
2018年7月3日 · Research. Open access. Published: 03 July 2018. Impact of in-hospital birth weight loss on short and medium term breastfeeding outcomes. Sergio Verd, Diego de Sotto, Consuelo Fernández & Antonio Gutiérrez. International Breastfeeding Journal 13, Article number: 25 ( 2018 ) Cite this article. 3945 Accesses. 4 Citations. 11 Altmetric. Metrics.
2021年8月28日 · 10 Citations. 1 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. Background. Although the positive effects of good clinical quality standards in perinatal care and breastfeeding support for women, newborns and families have been already demonstrated, many of these practices were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
