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2023年9月1日 · Background Although breastfeeding is strongly recommended, the breastfeeding rate of preterm infants in China remains significantly low. In addition to the global structural challenges to breastfeeding and the physiological immaturity of preterm infants, Chinese mothers of preterm infants face unique challenges of maternal-infant separation after birth. Moreover, little is known about Chinese ...
- Transition of Breastfeeding Rates in China
- Breastfeeding Rates in China from Cohort Studies
- Breastfeeding Rates in China from Other Studies
- Breastfeeding in Minority Areas Or Groups
- Perceived Breast Milk Insufficiency
- Mothers Returning to Work
- Mother Or Child Illness
- Breast Problems
- Incorrect Traditional Perceptions
- Other Reasons
There have been considerable changes in breastfeeding practices in China over the past forty years. The changes are reviewed in this section and details of samples and methods are shown in Tables 1 and 2. 'Ever breastfed' rates in both urban and rural areas were over 80% in the 1950s and 1960s . But during the 1970s, the rates started to decline, e...
Table 1 summarises 'exclusive breastfeeding' and 'any breastfeeding' at four months in six large, five medium-sized and three small cities and a region in China. The cities and regions included in this table are Beijing , Chongqing , Wuhan [35, 36], Nanjing , Nanning , Guangzhou, Shenzhen , Zhuhai , Qiqihar , Shunde , Luzhou , Duan , Chenyang , She...
Table 2 summarises 'exclusive breastfeeding' and 'any breastfeeding' rates at four months, breastfeeding initiation rates and duration in eleven large cities, eight provinces and two medium-sized cities in China. The cities and provinces included in Table 2 are Beijing [24, 27, 53, 54], Shanghai [55–57], Chongqing [55, 58], Guangzhou[39, 55, 59], F...
In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the 'exclusive breastfeeding' rate at four months was 19. 4% (in 2000) . A survey in Shihezi showed 'exclusive breastfeeding' rates in the first week of life were 53% in Uygur, 62% in Kazakh, 33% in Hui and 41% in Han ethnic groups. Overall the 'exclusive breastfeeding' rate in the first four months was 29.7% (1...
Perceived breast milk insufficiency was the most common reason for discontinuing 'exclusive breastfeeding' or 'any breastfeeding' in China [61, 89, 90]. For example, in Tibet, perceived breast milk deficiency was the main reason for weaning both in urban and rural areas . In Xi'an, 'insufficient milk' was the first reason (81%) for terminating brea...
In metropolitan cities or developed areas, the mother returning to paid employment was an important reason for breastfeeding cessation or early introduction of complementary food [31, 61, 89]. Maternity leave in China included three months delivery leave and one month lactation leave for working mothers. The total of four months leave was not enoug...
Maternal or child health problems were one of the main reasons for stopping breastfeeding or introducing complementary food [61, 89]. In Beijing, illness of the mother or baby accounted for 14 – 20% of reasons (rank third) for terminating breastfeeding[23, 24]. This reason ranked second for ceasing breastfeeding and third for early complementary fo...
Breast problems such as sore and inverted nipples, and mastitis were very common in breastfeeding mothers especially in the first month [57, 87, 88].
The tradition of introducing complementary food early to infants can be traced as far back as the Sui Dynasty (581 – 618AD) of China . An academic report from this period stated: 'thirty days after a child is born, he should be given some foods, in the amount of two dates or so; after fifty days, of a cherry or two; after a hundred days, of a large...
Caesarean section rates have increased significantly in China since the mid-1990s . The caesarean section rate in China was reported as being 1 – 2% in 1950s, 4 – 6% in 1960s, rising to be more than 20% in 1980s . More recently rates of caesarean section in China have risen rapidly to reach as high as 77% in Hangzhou . Cesarean section has become a...
- Fenglian Xu, Liqian Qiu, Colin W Binns, Xiaoxian Liu
- 2009
BioMed Central Page 1 of 15 (page number not for citation purposes) International Breastfeeding Review Open Access Breastfeeding in China: a review Fenglian Xu1, Liqian Qiu2, Colin W Binns*3 and Xiaoxian Liu4 Address: 1Medical College of Shihezi Univer sity; Xinjiang, PR China, 832002, 2Women's Hospital, Zhejiang Un iversity, PR China, 310006, 3School
