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Fashion accessories, scarves and ties, belts & ready-to-wear, perfumes, watches & jewelry. Explore Hermès World and its Signature Watches, Men's and Women's Collections.
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2024年4月5日 · Yves Saint Laurent (born August 1, 1936, Oran, Algeria—died June 1, 2008, Paris, France) was a French fashion designer noted for his popularization of women’s trousers for all occasions. After completing his secondary education in Oran, Algeria, Saint Laurent left for Paris to pursue a career in designing theatrical costumes and women’s fashions.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Overview
- Origin and spread
- International deck
playing cards, set of cards that are numbered or illustrated (or both) and are used for playing games, for education, for divination, and for conjuring.
Traditionally, Western playing cards are made of rectangular layers of paper or thin cardboard pasted together to form a flat, semirigid material. They are uniform in shape and size and small enough for several to be held together in one hand, frequently fanned out so that the identifying marks on each card can be seen. One side of each card—its front, or face—is marked so as to render it identifiable and distinguishable from its fellows, while the back, or reverse, is either blank or bears a pattern common to all. The corners are usually slightly rounded to prevent fraying. In the second half of the 20th century, it became common to add a plastic coating to resist wear and even to produce all-plastic cards.
The earliest reference to playing cards or dominoes—the same word designates both—occurs in Chinese literature of the 10th century but with no indication of their markings or the games played with them.
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Playing cards first appeared in Europe in the 1370s, probably in Italy or Spain and certainly as imports or possessions of merchants from the Islamic Mamlūk dynasty centred in Egypt. Like their originals, the first European cards were hand-painted, making them luxury goods for the rich. The account book of King Charles VI of France (now lost) is said to have noted a payment of 56 sols parisiens to Jacquemin Gringonneur for painting a deck of cards “pour le divertissement du roy” (“for the amusement of the king”). Cards gradually spread along the inland European trade routes during the 15th century as a favoured pastime of the upper classes.
The German invention of wood-block printing in the early 15th century significantly reduced the cost of production, which was further reduced in France in the 1480s by painting through stencils, a practice resulting in the distinctively simplified design of suitmarks technically designated French but now generally called international because of their worldwide popularity: pique, coeur, carreau, trèfle—known in English as spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs—which are symbolized below.
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The most successful and universally recognized deck of cards is that based on a complement of 52, divided into four suits, each containing 13 ranks, so that each card is uniquely identifiable by suit and rank.
- David Parlett
2 天前 · Thomas Edison (born February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio, U.S.—died October 18, 1931, West Orange, New Jersey) was an American inventor who, singly or jointly, held a world-record 1,093 patents. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial research laboratory. The role of chemistry in Thomas Edison's inventions.
earl. baron. marquess. British nobility, in the United Kingdom, members of the upper social class, who usually possess a hereditary title. The titled nobility are part of the peerage, which shares the responsibility of government. The peerage comprises five ranks, which are, in descending order, duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron.
1 天前 · Shanghai, China. The city is located on the coast of the East China Sea between the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the north and the bay of Hangzhou to the south. The municipality’s area includes the city itself, surrounding suburbs, and an agricultural hinterland. Shanghai is China’s most-populous city, and the municipality is ...
2 天前 · Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. The term was first used by the English writer George Orwell in an article published ...
2024年5月6日 · Anne Frank (born June 12, 1929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany—died February/March 1945, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, near Hannover) was a Jewish girl whose diary of her family’s two years in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands became a classic of war literature. Early in the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler, Anne’s father ...