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Heathrow Airport ( / ˌhiːθˈroʊ, ˈhiːθroʊ / ), [6] called London Airport until 1966 ( IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL ), [7] is the main international airport serving London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom.
This article is about the capital city of the United Kingdom. For other uses, see London (disambiguation). London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of around 8.8 million, [1] and its metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million.
- History
- Districts
- Governance
- Population
- Industry and Commerce
- Transport
- Media
- Places of Interest
- Sport and Leisure
- Education
Early history
Modern settlement originated in Anglo-Saxon times when it consisted of Havering Palace and the surrounding lands that belonged to the king. The palace itself is known to have existed since at least the reign of Edward the Confessor when it was one of his primary residences. The area formed a libertyfrom 1465 which included the parishes of Havering-atte-Bower, Hornchurch and Romford. The name Havering appears in documents from around the 12th century. The origins of this name have been debated...
Settlement
London Underground and fast rail services to central Londonresulted in considerable residential land use mixed with designated parklands and farmland under the planning policy of the predecessor local authorities and current authority during the 20th century and into the early 21st century. The development of the borough came in two distinct phases. The first middle classsuburban developments were built in the late Victorian and Edwardian period. The garden suburbs of Upminster, Emerson Park...
Administrative history
The borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, covering the combined area of the former Municipal Borough of Romford and Hornchurch Urban District. The area was transferred from Essexto Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs. Romford had been a local board district from 1851. It was converted into an urban district in 1894, was enlarged in 1934 to take in the neighbouring parishes of Havering-atte-Bower and Noak Hill, and was incorporated to become a mun...
This pattern of the 'garden suburb' with inter- and post-war private housing developments occurred widely across the borough, with small estates of social housing representing a low percentage of housing in any single council ward; six of the 30 electoral wards with fewer than 2% social housing are in the borough: Hylands, Mawneys, Pettits, Hacton ...
The local authority is Havering Council, based at Havering Town Hall(formerly Romford Town Hall) in Romford. Havering elects 55 councillors from 20 wards:
In 2011, the borough had a population of 237,232 over 43 square miles (111.4 km2). Havering has a lower population density than other London Boroughs as large areas are parkland and 23 square miles (60 km2) (more than half the borough) is Metropolitan Green Belt protected land. Those areas of development are extensive but rarely intensive. It has, ...
There are over 7,000 businesses based in Havering. Romford is the main commercial hub of the borough with a small district of mainly office development close to the railway station. There is also some industry to the south between Rainham and the River Thames such as Rainham Steel headquarters on the boundary of Elm Park. Light industry elsewhere i...
Roads
The M25 motorway forms part of the borough boundary to the east with North Ockendon the only settlement to fall outside. The A12 (near Romford) and the A13 (near Rainham) are the main trunk radial routes from central London and are located to the north and south of the borough respectively. The A127 trunk route to Southend begins at Gallows Corner; which also forms the eastern end of the A118 local artery from Stratford. The A124local artery from Canning Town terminates at Upminster.
Public transport
The District line of the London Underground runs roughly east–west through the middle of the borough and there is an extensive network of London Bus routes, linking all districts to Romford and other places beyond the borough. The London, Tilbury and Southend line (operated by c2c) passes through the borough in two places and the Great Eastern Main Line passes through the north of the borough serving Romford, Gidea Park and Harold Wood. Elizabeth line runs stopping services via the GEML, and...
Travel to work
In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 31.8% of all residents aged 16–74; train, 11.9%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 6.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 5.1%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 2.4%; passenger in a car or van, 2.1%.
The local newspapers in Havering are The Havering Daily and the Romford Recorder. Bedrock Radio is a charity run community health & Hospital radio station located within the Queen's Hospital in Romford. The first Hospital Radio Service In Havering began broadcasting in 1964 as Harold Wood Radio.Today, Bedrock Radio serves the community by broadcast...
The London Borough of Havering has several sporting clubs: 1. Football 1.1. Romford F.C., a Non-League footballclub who play at Rookery Hill, Corringham. 1.2. A.F.C. Hornchurch, a Non-League footballclub who play at Hornchurch Stadium 2. Ice hockey 2.1. Romford Raiders, an ice hockey team who play at Romford Ice Arena. 3. Field hockey 3.1. Havering...
The Borough is the education authority for the district providing education in a mix of foundation, community and voluntary aided schools. There are also a number of academies. Havering Adult College provides part-time day, evening and weekend adult education (19+) from sites throughout the borough. Havering Sixth Form College provides sixth form e...
The City of London, widely referred to simply as the City, is a city, ceremonial county and local government district [note 1] that contains the ancient centre, and constitutes, along with Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London and one of the leading financial centres of the world. [2] .
The London Eye, or the Millennium Wheel, is a cantilevered observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. It is Europe's tallest cantilevered observation wheel, [14] and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom with over three million visitors annually. [15] .
The Carlton Hotel was a luxury hotel in London that operated from 1899 to 1940. It was designed by the architect C. J. Phipps as part of a larger development that included the rebuilding of Her Majesty's Theatre, which is adjacent to the hotel site.
Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule, suspension, and, until 1960, cantilever bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry with the help of Henry Marc Brunel. It crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and is one of five London bridges owned and maintained by the City Bridge Foundation, a charitable trust ...
