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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK) or Britain, [k] is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. [13] [14] It comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. [15] .
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The Anglo-Saxons referred to themselves as the Engle or the Angelcynn, originally names of the Angles. They called their land Engla land, meaning "land of the English", by Æthelweard Latinized Anglia, from an original Anglia vetus, the purported homeland of the Angles (called Angulus by Bede). The name Engla land became England by haplology during ...
Anglo-Saxon England
The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasionsof the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general. The English lands were unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Æthelstan in 927. During the Heptarchy, the most powerful king among the Anglo-Sax...
Norman Conquest
The peace lasted until the death of the childless Edward in January 1066. His brother-in-law was crowned King Harold, but his cousin William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, immediately claimed the throne for himself. William launched an invasion of England and landed in Sussex on 28 September 1066. Harold and his army were in York following their victory against the Norwegians at the Battle of Stamford Bridge (25 September 1066) when the news reached him. He decided to set out without delay...
High Middle Ages
In 1092, William II led an invasion of Strathclyde, a Celtic kingdom in what is now southwest Scotland and Cumbria. In doing so, he annexed what is now the county of Cumbria to England. In 1124, Henry I ceded what is now southeast Scotland (called Lothian) to the Kingdom of Scotland, in return for the King of Scotland's loyalty. This final cession established what would become the traditional borders of England which have remained largely unchanged since then (except for occasional and tempor...
Territorial divisions
The counties of England were established for administration by the Normans, in most cases based on earlier shires established by the Anglo-Saxons. They ceased to be used for administration only with the creation of the administrative countiesin 1889. Unlike the partly self-governing boroughs that covered urban areas, the counties of medieval England existed primarily as a means of enforcing central government power, enabling monarchs to exercise control over local areas through their chosen r...
Taxation
In the Anglo-Saxon period, the geld or property tax was first levied in response to Danish invasions but later became a regular tax. The majority of the king's income derived from the royal demesne and the annual "farm" from each shire (the fixed sum paid by sheriffs for the privilege of administering and profiting from royal lands). Kings also made income from judicial fines and regulation of trade. People owed the king service in the form of the trinoda necessitas—fyrd service, burhbuilding...
Military
In the Anglo-Saxon period, England had no standing army. The king and magnates retained professional household troops (see housecarl), and all free men were obligated to perform military service in the fyrd. In addition, holders of bookland were obligated to provide a certain number of men based on the number of hidesthey owned. After the Norman Conquest, the king's household troops remained central to any royal army. The Anglo-Saxon fyrd also remained in use. But the Normans also introduced...
Cited works
1. Bull, Stephen; Seed, Mike (1998). Bloody Preston: The Battle of Preston, 1648. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85936-041-6. 2. Carey, Hilary M. (2011) [2010]. God's Empire: Religion and Colonialism in the British World, c. 1801–1908. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-139-49409-0. 3. Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 399137. 4. Elton, Geoffrey R. (1977). Reform and Reformatio...
Inglaterra (en inglés, England /ˈɪŋɡlənd/; en córnico, Pow Sows) es una de las cuatro naciones constituyentes del Reino Unido. Su territorio está formado geográficamente por la parte sur y central de Gran Bretaña, isla que comparte junto a Escocia y Gales, y cerca de 100 islas más pequeñas como las islas Sorlingas y la isla de Wight.
- 8 799 800 (2021)
- Londres
London - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W. London is the capital and largest city of England, and the United Kingdom, with a population of around 8.8 million, [1] and the largest city in Western Europe by metropolitan area, with a population of 14.8 million.
- 606.96 sq mi (1,572.03 km²)
- 36 ft (11 m)
- England
- London (Greater London)
England - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Coordinates: 51°30′N 0°7′W. England is a country in Europe with over sixty cities. It is in a union with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. All four countries are in the British Isles and are part of the United Kingdom (UK). Over 55 million people live in England (2015 estimate).
England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk have indicated.[1] The earliest evidence for early modern humans in Northwestern Europe, a jawbone discovered in Devon at Kents Cavern in 1927, was re-dated in 2011 to between 41,000 and 44,000 years old.[2] Continuous ...