搜尋結果
診斷前列腺癌最初的兩個檢驗是驗血 (PSA) 和直腸檢查。 按此 了解更多有關檢查詳情。 全科醫生檢驗後，如果發現你有任何不正常的現象，就會要求你到醫院作進一步的檢查。 以下所提到的檢驗方法雖然都是用來檢驗前列腺癌，但你並不需要做所有的測試。 在檢驗以前，醫生會與你商討各種檢驗的細節及他們的作用。 按此了解更多有關各種檢查詳情。 直腸超聲波掃描和活組織檢驗（Trans-rectal Ultrasound Scan and Biopsy） X光. 同位素骨骼掃描（Isotope bone scan） CT掃描（CAT Scan）
- Overview
- Symptoms
- Risk factors
- Complications
Learn more about prostate cancer from Mayo Clinic urologist Mitchell Humphreys, M.D.
Hi. I'm Dr. Humphreys, a urologist at Mayo Clinic. In this video, we'll cover the basics of prostate cancer: What is it? Who gets it? The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Whether you're looking for answers about your own health or that of someone you love, we're here to provide you with the best information available. Prostate cancer, unfortunately, is common. It affects one in seven men, making it the second most common cancer among men worldwide. The good news is, is that prostate cancer can be curable, especially when identified and treated early. That is why I and most urologists and medical professionals you talk to encourage men over a certain age to get regular prostate screenings. First, let's talk about what the prostate is and how it functions. The prostate is a small gland that is involved in reproduction and makes some of the essential components in semen. While it is small, it has an important role in reproductive health and can cause voiding or urinary symptoms as men age, as well becoming a source of cancer. Like other kinds of cancer, prostate cancer starts when cells mutate. These small changes in DNA cause the cells to grow faster and live longer than they normally would. As these abnormal cells accumulate, they monopolize resources from normal cells, which can damage surrounding tissue. These cancerous cells can then spread to other parts of the body.
Who gets it?
By definition, prostate cancer only affects bodies with male reproductive organs. But in addition, there are some other risk factors that we can monitor. Age is a big one, as prostate cancer is more prevalent in older men, which is why testing is encouraged as men age. For reasons that are unclear, Black men also have a greater risk compared to other races or ethnicities. Being at a higher weight as another possible risk factor. Genetics can also play a role in prostate cancer. A family history of prostate cancer or certain kinds of breast cancer increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Well, it's not a guarantee, there are plenty of steps you can take to reduce your risk. A healthy diet and exercise helps your body's overall well-being and can lower your chances of getting prostate cancer.
What are the symptoms?
A big reason to get regular testing is that prostate cancer usually has no presenting symptoms. And when they do show up, it generally indicates a worse stage of cancer. When symptoms do occur, they can include: trouble urinating or decreased force of stream, blood in the urine or semen, bone pain, unexpected weight loss, and unexplained fevers. If you consistently notice any of these symptoms, you should see your doctor right away. How is it diagnosed? There are a variety of ways to detect prostate cancer in both physical exam and from the blood. For starters, there's the DRE, the digital rectal exam. Just like the name suggests, the doctor inserts their finger and your rectum to feel the prostate to detect any abnormalities. You can also get a blood test to look for prostate-specific antigen, or PSA. It is recommended that you have this as well as the physical exam. And if there are any abnormalities, there are additional tests that can be used. If prostate cancer is detected, the next step is figuring out how fast it grows. Fortunately, prostate cancer often doesn't grow very fast. Prostate cancer is graded by a Gleason score, which measures how abnormal or different from normal cells are. There are also other tests to see if the cancer has spread: bone scan, CT scan, MRI, and even specific PET scans. Your doctor will be able to determine which, if any, is appropriate for you.
Prostate cancer may cause no signs or symptoms in its early stages.
Prostate cancer that's more advanced may cause signs and symptoms such as:
•Trouble urinating
•Decreased force in the stream of urine
•Blood in the urine
•Blood in the semen
Factors that can increase your risk of prostate cancer include:
•Older age. Your risk of prostate cancer increases as you age. It's most common after age 50.
•Race. For reasons not yet determined, Black people have a greater risk of prostate cancer than do people of other races. In Black people, prostate cancer is also more likely to be aggressive or advanced.
•Family history. If a blood relative, such as a parent, sibling or child, has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, your risk may be increased. Also, if you have a family history of genes that increase the risk of breast cancer (BRCA1 or BRCA2) or a very strong family history of breast cancer, your risk of prostate cancer may be higher.
Complications of prostate cancer and its treatments include:
•Cancer that spreads (metastasizes). Prostate cancer can spread to nearby organs, such as your bladder, or travel through your bloodstream or lymphatic system to your bones or other organs. Prostate cancer that spreads to the bones can cause pain and broken bones. Once prostate cancer has spread to other areas of the body, it may still respond to treatment and may be controlled, but it's unlikely to be cured.
•Incontinence. Both prostate cancer and its treatment can cause urinary incontinence. Treatment for incontinence depends on the type you have, how severe it is and the likelihood it will improve over time. Treatment options may include medications, catheters and surgery.
•Erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction can result from prostate cancer or its treatment, including surgery, radiation or hormone treatments. Medications, vacuum devices that assist in achieving erection and surgery are available to treat erectile dysfunction.
前列腺癌是前列腺細胞異常生長所形成的癌症。 前列腺是雄性的小核桃形腺體，負責產生能滋養和運輸精子的精液。 前列腺癌雖然常見，但大多生長緩慢，並局限於前列腺，未必會構成即時威脅；但亦有部分類型的前列腺癌卻具有侵略性，並且可以迅速擴散 。 與其他癌症一樣，前列腺癌越早發現，治療成功機會越高，如有任何懷疑應及早求醫。 前列腺癌常見症狀. 前列腺癌的症狀可能包括： 小便頻密，特別是晚上. 尿流細弱. 小便帶血. 勃起功能障礙. 小便時疼痛或灼痛. 前列腺腫大導致坐著時不適或疼痛. 前列腺癌的症狀與一些前列腺疾病，例如前列腺肥大、膀胱感染等相似，容易令人混淆。 但如果癌細胞已擴散到前列腺以外的身體部位，則有可能引發以下症狀： 背部、臀部、大腿、肩膀或其他骨骼疼痛. 腿或腳腫脹或積水. 體重無故減輕.
前列腺癌是香港男性常見癌症的第三位。 在2021年，前列腺癌新症共有3 038宗，佔本港男性癌症新症總數的16.0%。 發病年齡中位數為71歲。 按粗發病率計算，每十萬男性中即有90宗新增個案。 對本港男性而言，前列腺癌是致命癌症的第四位，在2021年，前列腺癌導致518名男性死亡，佔男性癌症死亡總數5.9%。 相比其他香港男性常見癌症，前列腺癌是近年新症數字升幅較快的癌症，由2011年至2021年間，數目累積升幅達85%。 前列腺的惡性腫瘤生長緩慢，早期腫瘤並沒有明顯臨床症狀，導致相當部份病人發現患病時已屆前列腺癌的中晚期，影響治療成效。 數據顯示，整體前列腺癌患者的五年相對存活率為84%。 其中，第一至三期的五年相對存活率仍相當高 (>97%)，但第四期則下降至45%。 前列腺癌是甚麼？
- 攝護腺癌（前列腺癌）是什麼？攝護腺癌屬生長緩慢的 癌症，早期通常沒有明顯症狀，所以多數男性患者都會輕忽，導致確診時往往已是晚期，並有轉移的狀況出現。根據衛福部統計處發布的111年國人死因統計結果顯示，111年攝護腺癌死亡人數為1,830人，死亡率10年上升47.5%，是65歲以上人口主要死因之一。
- 攝護腺是什麼？位置在哪？攝護腺為 男性生殖系統 的一部分，外型就像一顆胡桃，位在膀胱下方、直腸前側，並裹著尿道。值得留意的是，隨著年紀增長，攝護腺會變大，有時會造成排尿困難等問題，通常發生於較年長的男性。
- 攝護腺癌症狀有哪些？攝護腺癌有前兆嗎？攝護腺癌初期大多沒有徵兆，或症狀不具特異性，容易與好發於50~60歲的良性攝護腺肥大症狀混淆，導致多數病患經常忽略警訊，在確診時已是晚期。
- 攝護腺癌原因？通常在男生青春期，攝護腺會受雄性激素刺激而成長，幫助表現男性特徵和促進生殖力；然而，若攝護腺細胞發生癌變後，癌細胞也會藉由雄性激素來幫助生長。
攝護腺癌 （英文： Prostate cancer ）是出自 攝護腺 的 惡性腫瘤 [6] 。 大多數攝護腺癌生長速度較為緩慢，但仍有些生長相對快速 [1] [3] 。 癌細胞可 轉移 到骨頭和淋巴結等部位 [7] 。 攝護腺癌早期可能沒有症狀 [1] ，晚期可導致 排尿 困難、尿血、背痛、 骨盆疼痛 （英語：Pelvic pain） 等症狀 [2] 。 攝護腺肥大 也會導致類似的症狀。 晚期症狀還包括因 紅細胞數量低 導致的疲倦 [1] 。 攝護腺癌的風險因子包含高齡、家族病史、種族等。 約99%的病例中患者年齡超過50歲。 父親等親屬患有本病時，發病風險較常人高出2至3倍。 美國疾病控制中心統計顯示美國 非裔 攝護腺癌發病率最高， 歐裔 其次， 亞裔族群 攝護腺癌發病率最低 [8] 。
Prostate cancer is the third commonest cancer of men in Hong Kong. In 2021, there were 3 038 new cases of prostate cancer, accounting for 16.0% of new cancer cases of men in Hong Kong. The median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The crude annual incidence rate per 100 000 men was 90.
