搜尋結果
2 天前 · 山達基 （英語： Scientology）是一套由美國作家 L·羅恩·賀伯特 所創立的 新宗教運動，不同人也將這套信仰實踐體系及其推廣運動分類為 邪教 、 商業機構 、 宗教 或 信任騙局 [13]。. 山達基的前身是賀伯特創立的一套自我幫助的系統： 戴尼提。. 賀伯特隨後將 ...
Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by the American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It is variously defined as a cult, a business, a religion, or a scam. [11] Hubbard initially developed a set of ideas that he called Dianetics
2024年10月26日 · 山达基 （英语： Scientology）是一套由美国作家 L·罗恩·哈伯德 所创立的 新宗教运动，不同人也将这套信仰实践体系及其推广运动分类为 邪教 、 商业机构 、 宗教 或 信任骗局 [13]。. 山达基的前身是哈伯德创立的一套自我帮助的系统： 戴尼提。. 哈伯德 ...
其他人也問了
Are Scientologists a 'free zone'?
How many members does Scientology have?
What does the Church of Scientology believe?
What does Scientology mean?
Is Scientology too easy?
Why did Hubbard create Scientology?
The Church of Scientology is a group of interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, which is variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. [7]
- Overview
- Hubbard’s early life and beliefs
Scientology, international movement that emerged in the 1950s in response to the thought of L. Ron Hubbard (in full Lafayette Ronald Hubbard; b. March 13, 1911, Tilden, Nebraska, U.S.—d. January 24, 1986, San Luis Obispo, California), a writer who introduced his ideas to the general public in Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health (1950). H...
Hubbard attended George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (1930–32), but left to pursue other interests without completing his degree. He married in 1933 and settled down to a career as a writer. His writing spanned various genres—from westerns to horror and science fiction—and he was a popular contributor to pulp magazines. Hubbard had also developed an interest in exploring. In 1940 he was elected to the Explorer’s Club and during the winter of 1940–41 was awarded his licenses as a Master of Steam and Motor Vessels and Master of Sail Vessels; ships would later play a critical role in the operation of the Scientology church.
During World War II Hubbard served in naval intelligence in Australia and aboard several vessels off the U.S. coast. Hubbard ended the war as a patient at Oak Knoll Naval Hospital in Oakland, California, apparently suffering from several war-related ailments, and it was during his hospital stay that he gave systematic consideration to his earlier ruminations on the human problem. After the war he began a personal quest for a “science of the mind.” His initial conclusions appeared in The Original Thesis (1948), prior to a more mature presentation in Dianetics. These and Hubbard’s other Scientology writings, both published and unpublished, are considered scriptures by the church.
Like many thinkers before him, Hubbard believed that the basic principle of human existence is survival. Even before the publication of Dianetics, Hubbard wrote, “I suddenly realized that survival was the pin on which you could hang the rest of this with adequate and ample proof…[and] that life, all life, is trying to survive.” Actions that support survival are good and yield pleasure, he argued; countersurvival actions are destructive and perpetuate negative states. Each individual, he believed, possesses a mind that under normal conditions operates analytically to make survival-oriented judgments. However, when the mind is not fully functioning, a part of it, the reactive mind, takes over. It stores images of experiences, called engrams, which contain not only strong negative emotional content but also unrelated elements of the experience. A later encounter with these unrelated elements may bring forth negative emotional reactions from the stored engram and lead to countersurvival actions.
To help people bring engrams to their consciousness, confront them, and thereby eliminate them, Hubbard developed auditing, a one-on-one counseling process in which a counselor, or auditor, facilitates individuals’ handling of their engrams. A key aspect of this process is use of an E-meter, an instrument that measures the strength of a small electrical current that passes through the body of the person undergoing auditing. According to church teachings, E-meter readings indicate changes in emotional states that allow the identification of stored engrams. In Dianetics the goal was to rid the mind of engrams, and individuals were said to have reached a major goal when they became “clear.”
What pushed Hubbard from Dianetics to Scientology was his understanding, among other things, of the experience of “exteriorization,” the separation of individual consciousness from the body. This experience allowed him to see the spiritual self, the thetan, as the true self that can exist apart from the body. He also came to believe that thetans had inhabited other bodies before their present one, a concept not unlike that of reincarnation in Eastern religions. The new focus on the thetan led Hubbard to postulate a comprehensive vision of the cosmos that had much in common with Eastern faiths and closely resembled the western Gnostic tradition.
Students save 67%! Learn more about our special academic rate today.
2012年8月20日 · 最近受到離婚困擾的湯姆·克魯斯，是山達基教（Scientology）知名度最高的信徒和明星代言人。 山達基教有世界上發展最快的教派之稱，它的最獨特之處在於：向信徒收費，如同一個兜售「精神自由」商品的跨國公司。
Scientology describes itself as the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, others, and all of life. Scientologists also believe that people have innate, yet suppressed, power and ability, which can be regained if cleared of unwanted behavioral
