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This webpage provides guidelines for using the APA 7 th edition referencing system. There are two components to an APA reference: an in-text reference in the body of your assignment:
- Apa Alphabetization Guidelines
- Apa Format Template
- Page Header
- Headings and Subheadings
- Title Page
- Abstract
- Table of Contents
- Reference Page
- Tables and Figures
References are ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last name. If the author is unknown, order the reference entry by the first meaningful word of the title (ignoring articles: “the”, “a”, or “an”).
Why set up APA format from scratch if you can download Scribbr’s template for free? Student papers and professional papers have slightly different guidelines regarding the title page, abstract, and running head. Our template is available in Word and Google Docs format for both versions. 1. Student paper: Word | Google Docs 2. Professional paper: Wo...
In an APA Style paper, every page has a page header. For student papers, the page header usually consists of just a page number in the page’s top-right corner. For professional papers intended for publication, it also includes a running head. A running head is simply the paper’s title in all capital letters. It is left-aligned and can be up to 50 c...
APA headings have five possible levels. Heading level 1 is used for main sections such as “Methods” or “Results”. Heading levels 2 to 5 are used for subheadings. Each heading level is formatted differently. Want to know how many heading levels you should use, when to use which heading level, and how to set up heading styles in Word or Google Docs? ...
The title page is the first page of an APA Style paper. There are different guidelines for student and professional papers. Both versions include the paper title and author’s name and affiliation. The student version includes the course number and name, instructor name, and due date of the assignment. The professional version includes an author not...
The abstractis a 150–250 word summary of your paper. An abstract is usually required in professional papers, but it’s rare to include one in student papers (except for longer texts like theses and dissertations). The abstract is placed on a separate page after the title page. At the top of the page, write the section label “Abstract” (bold and cent...
APA Style does not provide guidelines for formatting the table of contents. It’s also not a required paper element in either professional or student papers. If your instructor wants you to include a table of contents, it’s best to follow the general guidelines. Place the table of contents on a separate page between the abstract and introduction. Wr...
The APA reference page is placed after the main body of your paper but before any appendices. Here you list all sources that you’ve cited in your paper (through APA in-text citations). APA provides guidelines for formatting the references as well as the page itself.
Tables and figures are presented in a similar format. They’re preceded by a number and title and followed by explanatory notes (if necessary). Use bold styling for the word “Table” or “Figure” and the number, and place the title on a separate line directly below it (in italics and title case). Try to keep tables clean; don’t use any vertical lines,...
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations for free. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
- When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a...
- When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If t...
- The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works: Only...
- APA Style usually does not require an access date. You never need to include one when citing journal articles , e-books , or other stable online so...
References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the
Reference List Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats Basic Rules Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors
Apply a 0.5-in. hanging indent to the whole reference list, which keeps the first line of each reference flush left and indents any subsequent lines 0.5 in. Double-space the whole reference list. Do not add extra space between references. A reference that begins near the end of a page can carry over to the next page—let your word-processing ...
When using APA style, references are cited in text using the author-date system and are listed alphabetically in the reference list at the end of the paper, which provides the necessary details to identify and retrieve the sources used. In October 2019, APA introduced the APA Publication Manual, 7th edition.
