搜尋結果
A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID‑19 ). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing ...
- none
- Intramuscular
- mRNA, viral, inactivated, protein
- SARS-CoV-2
e. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [31] and Vaxzevria [1] [32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [33] [34] [35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee ...
- AU: B1
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaxzevria, Covishield
- Viral vector
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1] [2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [3] [4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...
Sputnik V ( Russian: Спутник V, the brand name from the Russian Direct Investment Fund or RDIF) or Gam-COVID-Vac ( Russian: Гам-КОВИД-Вак, the name under which it is legally registered and produced [3]) is an adenovirus viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and ...
- Gam-COVID-Vac, Гам-КОВИД-Вак
- SARS-CoV-2
- Recommendations
- Mechanism
- Research
- External Links
Worldwide
Pneumococcal vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) is a program to accelerate the evaluation and access to new pneumococcal vaccines in the developing world. PneumoADIP is funded by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). Thirty GAVI countries have expressed interest in participating by 2010. PneumoADIP aims to save 5.4 million children by 2030. A pilot Advance Market Commitment (AMC) to develop a vaccine against pneumococcus was launched by GAV...
Belgium
The national vaccination program started vaccinating newborns in 2004 with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 7). This was changed into the 13-valent conjugate (PCV 13) in 2011. The switch to the 10-valent conjugate (PCV 10) was made in July 2015 in Flanders and May 2016 in Wallonia.In late 2020 a start was made with the vaccination of care home residents with the 23-valant pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV 23).
Canada
Health Canada's general recommendations are 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13) vaccine for children aged 2 months to 18 years and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV 23) vaccine for adults.
Polysaccharide vaccine
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine most commonly used today[citation needed] consists of purified polysaccharides from 23 serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6b, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F). Immunity is induced primarily through stimulation of B-cells which release IgMwithout the assistance of T cells. This immune response is less robust than the response provoked by conjugated vaccines, which has several consequences. The vaccine is ineffectiv...
Conjugated vaccine
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine consists of capsular polysaccharides covalently bound to the diphtheria toxoid CRM197, which is highly immunogenic but non-toxic. This combination provokes a significantly more robust immune response by recruiting CRM197-specific type 2 helper T cells, which allow for immunoglobulin type switching (to produce non-IgM immunoglobulin) and production of memory B cells. Among other things, this results in mucosal immunity and the eventual establishment of lifelo...
Due to the geographic distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, additional research is needed to find the most efficacious vaccine for developing-world populations. In a previous study, the most common pneumococcal serotypes or groups from developed countries were found to be, in descending order, 14, 6, 19, 18, 9, 23, 7, 4, 1 and 15. In developing c...
"Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13) Vaccine Information Statement". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 10 August 2021. Archived from the originalon 31 August 2022."Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Information Statement". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 9 April 2021. Archived from the originalon 29 July 2022."Pneumovax 23 - Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 25 September 2020. STN BLA 101094. Archived from the originalon 1 September 2022.Pneumococcal Vaccines at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings(MeSH)The making of a DNA vaccine A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen ...
D05295. The smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus. Cowpox served as a natural vaccine until the modern smallpox vaccine emerged in ...
