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  1. www.fda.gov › media › 165292Simplified Chinese Translation of Outbreak Investigation of ... 簡

    全基因组测序（WGS）分析表明，在该样品中发现的李斯特菌菌株与此次暴发中的两 个病例的相关李斯特菌菌株一致。 美国食品药物管理局还在该 ...

  2. www.fda.gov › food › natural-toxins-foodMycotoxins | FDA - U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    • Aflatoxins
    • Deoxynivalenol
    • Fumonisins
    • Patulin
    • Ochratoxin A
    • How The FDA Monitors and Tests Mycotoxins in Foods
    • Information For Industry

    Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by certain Aspergillus molds. Several types of aflatoxins exist, but food contamination usually involves aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 for crops and M1 for milk. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and the amount of rain affect whether mold will grow on food while it is growing, being harvested, a...

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    Several Fusarium molds produce deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin. The mold grows on wheat, corn, oats, barley, and other grains under normal weather conditions, but especially in cool, wet conditions. Processing wheat properly can reduce the level of DON in products like flour but will not completely get rid of it. The FDA has published...

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    Certain strains of the Fusarium molds produce mycotoxins called fumonisins. These molds commonly infect corn but also sometimes infect other grains like wheat. The level of fumonisins in a corn product depends on weather conditions. High levels of this toxin occur when hot, dry weather is followed by a period of high humidity. Milling, storage, and...

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    Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochylamys molds that grow on fruit, grains, and cheese. The best-known example is patulin in juice or cider made from apples. Good harvest and storage practices—such as removing rotten portions of fruit—can get rid of or greatly reduce patulin contamination. Fermentation also appea...

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    Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced by certain Aspergillus and Penicillium molds. It’s been found in contaminated grains, such as wheat, rye, oat, and barley, and in coffee, grapes and wine. Contamination generally occurs when these foods are not stored and/or dried properly. We know that ochratoxin A can cause kidney damage in animals. It may pos...

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    The FDA monitors mycotoxins in food and conducts research on how to best detect and prevent mycotoxin contamination.

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    Mycotoxins in General

    1. Compliance Program: Mycotoxins in Domestic and Imported Foods (CP 7307.001)

    Aflatoxins

    1. Compliance Policy Guides 1.1. Foods: Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 555.400 Foods - Adulteration with Aflatoxin 1.2. Brazil Nuts: Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 570.200 Brazil Nuts - Adulteration with Aflatoxin 1.3. Milk: Compliance Policy Guide Sec 527.400 Whole Milk, Lowfat Milk, Skim Milk - Aflatoxin M1 1.4. Peanuts: Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 570.375 Aflatoxin in Peanuts and Peanut Products 1.5. Pistachios: Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 570.500 Pistachio Nuts - Aflatoxin Adulteration 2. I...

    Deoxynivalenol

    1. Guidance Document (Wheat Products): Guidance for Industry and FDA: Advisory Levels for Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Finished Wheat Products for Human Consumption and Grains and Grain By-Products Used for Animal Feed(June 2010)

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  3. www.fda.gov › food › laboratory-methods-foodBAM Chapter 18: Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins | FDA

    Contamination of foods by yeasts and molds can result in substantial economic losses to producer, processor, and consumer. Several foodborne molds, and possibly yeasts, may also be hazardous to ...

  4. www.fda.gov › media › 80390APPENDIX 4: Bacterial Pathogen Growth and Inactivation

    For cooked, ready-to-eat products: • If at any time the product is held at internal temperatures above 80°F (26.7°C), exposure time (i.e., time at internal temperatures above 50°F (10°C) but ...

  5. www.fda.gov › media › 136250单核增生李斯特菌暴发调查 蘑菇（2020 年3月 - U.S. Food and ... 簡

    单核增生李斯特菌暴发调查:蘑菇（2020年3月) 美国食品药物管理局检验已经结束。美国疾病控制与预防中心宣布，这次疫情似 乎已经结束。 美国食品 ...

  6. www.fda.gov › consumers › consumer-updates为什么不应该使用伊维菌素来治疗或预防2019新冠肺炎 | FDA簡

    2021年9月10日 · 动物伊维菌素产品与批准用于人体的产品有很大不同。使用动物伊维菌素预防或治疗人类2019新冠肺炎是危险的。 什么是伊维菌素以及如何使用？

  7. www.fda.gov › food › laboratory-methods-foodBAM Chapter 13B - Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Detection ...

    2022年10月12日 · Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is an intoxication resulting from consumption of food contaminated with adequate levels of pre-formed enterotoxins. Symptoms of SFP are manifested within 2-8...