搜尋結果
胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日—1989年4月15日），字 国光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 [1] ，生於 湖南 浏阳 ， 中国共产党 和 中华人民共和国 的 第二代 主要领导人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘书长 、 中国共产党中央委员会主席 和 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中国共产党 、 中国工农红军 ，任 红三军团 第五师第十三团党总支书记，参加 长征 。 抗日战争 期间，担任 抗日军政大学 政治部副主任、 中共中央军委 总政治部组织部副部长。 第二次国共内战 期间，担任晋察冀野战军第四纵队、第三纵队政治委员、 华北军区 十八兵团政治部主任等职。 中华人民共和国成立后，担任 中国共青团 书记、 第一书记 。
- 职务废除
2024年3月28日 · 臺灣正體. 工具. 維基百科，自由的百科全書. 胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日—1989年4月15日），字 國光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 [1] ，生於 湖南 瀏陽 ， 中國共產黨 和 中華人民共和國 的 第二代 主要領導人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘書長 、 中國共產黨中央委員會主席 和 中國共產黨中央委員會總書記 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中國共產黨 、 中國工農紅軍 ，任 紅三軍團 第五師第十三團黨總支書記，參加 長征 。 抗日戰爭 期間，擔任 抗日軍政大學 政治部副主任、 中共中央軍委 總政治部組織部副部長。 第二次國共內戰 期間，擔任晉察冀野戰軍第四縱隊、第三縱隊政治委員、 華北軍區 十八兵團政治部主任等職。 中華人民共和國成立後，擔任 中國共青團 書記、 第一書記 。
2024年3月28日 · 维基百科，自由的百科全书. 胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日—1989年4月15日），字 国光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 [1] ，生於 湖南 浏阳 ， 中国共产党 和 中华人民共和国 的 第二代 主要领导人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘书长 、 中国共产党中央委员会主席 和 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中国共产党 、 中国工农红军 ，任 红三军团 第五师第十三团党总支书记，参加 长征 。 抗日战争 期间，担任 抗日军政大学 政治部副主任、 中共中央军委 总政治部组织部副部长。 第二次国共内战 期间，担任晋察冀野战军第四纵队、第三纵队政治委员、 华北军区 十八兵团政治部主任等职。 中华人民共和国成立后，担任 中国共青团 书记、 第一书记 。
- Early Years
- Reformer
- Death, Protests, and Burial
- Official Censorship and Rehabilitation
- See Also
- References
- Further Reading
Young revolutionary
Hu Yaobang's ancestors were Hakkas from Jiangxi. During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) they migrated into Hunan, where Hu was born. Hu Yaobang was born into a poor peasant family.: 138 He did not have formal education and taught himself to read.: 138 Hu participated in his first rebellion when he was twelve, left his family to join the Chinese Communist Party when he was only fourteen, and became a full member of the Party in 1933. During the factional struggles that polarized the CCP during th...
Land reform movement
During the final round of China's land reform movement, Hu took part in the Party's efforts to restrain peasant violence against landlords, explaining that calls to "annihilate" landlords meant to take landlord property, not lives. Hu instructed Party work teams never to "use beheadings to solve problems[.]"In Hu's view, execution of "evil tyrants" (meaning the most exploitive or criminal landlords) and counterrevolutionary landlords was appropriate: "It is entirely they who force us to kill...
Early PRC politician
In 1949, the CCP successfully defeated Nationalist forces on mainland China, and the communists founded the People's Republic. In 1952, Hu accompanied Deng to Beijing, and Hu became the leader of the Communist Youth League from 1952 to 1966. Hu rose rapidly up the Communist Party hierarchy, until Mao sent Hu to work as First Party Secretary of Shaanxi in 1964, saying: "He needs some practical training". Hu may have been assigned to work outside of Beijing because he was judged as being not su...
Public policies
Hu Yaobang's rise to power was engineered by Deng Xiaoping, and Hu rose to the highest levels of the Party after Deng displaced Hua Guofeng as China's "paramount leader". In 1980 Hu became General Secretary of the Central Committee's Secretariat, and was elected to the powerful Politburo Standing Committee. In 1981, Hu became CCP Chairman, but helped abolish the position of Party chairman in 1982, as part of a broader effort to distance China from Maoist politics. Most of the chairman's funct...
Controversial political opinions
Hu was notable for his liberalism and the frank expression of his opinions, which sometimes agitated other senior Chinese leaders. On a trip to Inner Mongolia in 1984, Hu publicly suggested that Chinese people might start eating in a Western way (with forks and knives, on individual plates) in order to prevent communicable diseases. He was one of the first Chinese officials to abandon wearing a Mao suit in favor of Western business suits. When asked which of Mao Zedong's theorieswere desirabl...
Resignation
In December 1986, a group of students organized public protests across over a dozen cities in support of political and economic liberalization. The protests began in the University of Science and Technology in Hefei, Anhui, where they were led by the activist and astrophysicist, Fang Lizhi, who was then Vice Chancellor of the university. Fang talked openly about introducing political reforms which would end the influence of the Communist Party within the Chinese government. The protests were...
Death and public reactions
In October 1987, Hu retained his membership in the CCP's Central Committee at the 13th Party Congress, and was subsequently elected a member of the new Politburo by the first plenary session of the Central Committee. On 8 April 1989, Hu suffered a heart attack while attending a Politburo meeting in Zhongnanhaito discuss education reform. Hu was rushed to the hospital, accompanied by his wife. Hu died several days later, on 15 April. He was 73 years old. Hu's last words were that he should be...
Tomb
After Hu's funeral, his body was cremated, and his ashes were buried in Babaoshan. Hu's wife, Li Zhao, was unhappy with the location of Hu's grave, and successfully petitioned the government to move Hu's remains to a more suitable site. Eventually Hu's remains were moved to a large mausoleum in Gongqingcheng (a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang), a city that Hu had helped found in 1955. Hu's mausoleum is arguably the most impressive tomb of any senior CCP leader. Li Zhao co...
Media censorship
The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 eventually ended in the violent suppression of protesters on 4 June 1989, in which 241 civilians were killed. Because the protests had been sparked by the death of Hu Yaobang, the government determined that any public discussion of Hu and his legacy could destabilize China by renewing debate about the political reforms that Hu supported. Because of the public association with Hu and the Tiananmen Square protests, Hu Yaobang's name became taboo on the main...
Official rehabilitation
Hu Jintao announced plans to rehabilitate Hu Yaobang in August 2005, with events organised for 20 November, the 90th anniversary of Hu's birth. Ceremonies were planned in Beijing, where Hu died, in Hunan, where Hu was born, and in Jiujiang, where Hu was buried. Western observers noted that the move to rehabilitate Hu Yaobang may have been part of a broader political effort by Hu Jintao to gain support from reform-minded colleagues, who had always respected Hu Yaobang. Some political analysts...
In the media after 2005
The official three-volume biography and a collection of Hu's writings were slated for release in China. The project was originally begun by a group of Hu's former aides, led by Zhang Liqun (who died in 2003). After the government learned of the project, it insisted on taking control of it. One of the main issues that government censors identified was the concern that details of Hu's relationship with Deng Xiaoping (especially details of Hu's removal from power after resisting orders to crack...
Sources
* BÉJA, JEAN-PHILIPPE, and MERLE GOLDMAN. “The Impact of the June 4th Massacre on the Pro-Democracy Movement.” China Perspectives, no. 2 (78), 2009, pp. 18–28. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24054219. Accessed 14 Feb. 2023.
Pang, Pang. The Death of Hu Yaobang. Center for Chinese Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies. University of Hawai'i. University of Michigan. 1998.- Chinese Communist Party (1933–1989)
胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日—1989年4月15日），字 国光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 [1] ，生于 湖南 浏阳 ， 中国共产党 和 中华人民共和国 的 第二代 主要领导人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘书长 、 中国共产党中央委员会主席 和 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中国共产党 、 中国工农红军 ，任 红三军团 第五师第十三团党总支书记，参加 长征 。 抗日战争 期间，担任 抗日军政大学 政治部副主任、 中共中央军委 总政治部组织部副部长。 第二次国共内战 期间，担任晋察冀野战军第四纵队、第三纵队政治委员、 华北军区 十八兵团政治部主任等职。 中华人民共和国成立后，担任 中国共青团 书记、 第一书记 。
前中國共產黨中央委員會總書記 / 維基百科，自由的 encyclopedia. 胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日—1989年4月15日），字 國光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 [1] ，生於 湖南 瀏陽 ， 中國共產黨 和 中華人民共和國 的 第二代 主要領導人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘書長 、 中國共產黨中央委員會主席 和 中國共產黨中央委員會總書記 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中國共產黨 、 中國工農紅軍 ，任 紅三軍團 第五師第十三團黨總支書記，參加 長征 。 抗日戰爭 期間，擔任 抗日軍政大學 政治部副主任、 中共中央軍委 總政治部組織部副部長。 第二次國共內戰 期間，擔任晉察冀野戰軍第四縱隊、第三縱隊政治委員、 華北軍區 十八兵團政治部主任等職。
胡耀邦 - 中文百科. 胡耀邦 （1915年11月20日－1989年4月15日），字 國光 ， 祖籍 江西 吉安 ，生於 湖南 瀏陽 ， 中國共產黨 和 中華人民共和國 的 第二代 主要領導人 之一，曾任 中共中央秘書長 、 中國共產黨中央委員會主席 和 中國共產黨中央委員會總書記 。 胡耀邦早年加入 中國共產黨 、 中國工農紅軍 ，任 紅三軍團 第五師第十三團黨總支書記，參加 長征 。 抗日戰爭 期間，擔任 抗日軍政大學 政治部副主任、 中共中央軍委 總政治部組織部副部長。 第二次國共內戰 期間，擔任晉察冀野戰軍第四縱隊、第三縱隊政治委員、 華北軍區 十八兵團政治部主任等職。 中華人民共和國成立後，擔任 中國共青團 書記、 第一書記 。
