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  1. province with a twin burden of HIV epidemic and pov-erty. Given that factors affecting EBF practices vary among countries and even within the sub-groups of pop-ulations [29], contextual information on the prevalence and determinants of EBF is vital to inform ...

    • Exclusive and Continued Breastfeeding
    • Express and Heat Treat Breast Milk
    • Breastfeeding by Another Woman
    • Artificial Or Replacement Feeding
    • Infant Feeding Options and The Idea of Informed Choice

    Of the feeding options outlined in the Papua New Guinea HIV and infant feeding guidelines, most informants discussed option (1): Exclusive and continued breastfeeding.Exclusive breastfeeding was mentioned by almost all informants, the majority of whom reflected the most up-to-date national guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding to six months. Other...

    While listed as the preferred second option for HIV infant feeding in Papua New Guinea national guidelines only two informants mentioned this option. Both informants expressed a feeling that this option would be too difficult for the majority of mothers in terms of financial implications and time as well as issues relating to hygiene and women woul...

    Although mentioned as the third most suitable feeding option for mothers in PNG, only one participant discussed this feeding option. This key informant clearly listed all the feeding options as described in the 2009 HIV infant feeding guidelines. “. . . the other one [option] is heat and treat . . . we just provide all the information . . . they ch...

    Highlighted within the national HIV feeding guidelines as the last option to be used in rare situations, artificial or replacement feeding was the second most commonly mentioned feeding method among informants. Of the informants who discussed replacement or artificial feeding, almost all mentioned this option within the context of mothers specifica...

    A number of the informants who discussed feeding options specifically discussed the importance of providing mothers with necessary information relating to feeding options, enabling them to make an informed choice based on their individual circumstances. “. . . we don’t choose for them [the mothers] we just tell them the advantages and the disadvant...

    • Lisa M Vallely, Angela Kelly, Angela Kelly, Martha Kupul, Ruthy Neo, Voletta Fiya, John M Kaldor, Gl...
    • 2013
  2. 3 天前 · In 2022 the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) published Clinical Protocol #36: The Mastitis Spectrum, which aims to update clinical approaches to management of benign lactation-related breast inflammatio... Pamela Douglas. International Breastfeeding Journal 2023 18 :51. Review Published on: 5 September 2023.

  3. 2021年5月17日 · Background Breast milk is the best source of essential nutrients and bioactive components for infants under 6 months. However, little is known about what affects breastfeeding intentions and practices of Chinese mothers. With measures of individual, setting, and sociocultural factors, this study examined determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of infancy in China. Methods ...

  4. Africa with multiple social determinants including pov-erty, unequal gender power relations, transactional sex, absence of affordable education and lack of parental guidance [18]. Pregnancy in adolescence is associated with an increased rate of preterm birth and ...

  5. 2020年12月1日 · Background Exclusive breastfeeding rates in many high-income countries are considerably lower than the World Health Organization recommendations. Younger mothers are less likely than older mothers to exclusively breastfeed or to exclusively breastfeed for a long duration. This systematic review explores interventions to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among young mothers in high ...

  6. 2019年2月14日 · Background Since 2010, the World Health Organization recommends lifelong antiretroviral treatment for all women living with HIV, and exclusive breastfeeding for six-months followed by breastfeeding until 24-months for all HIV positive mothers. Nevertheless, many mothers living with HIV do not initiate breastfeeding or stop prematurely, and many countries are still in the process of updating ...