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Tooth decay is caused by biofilm (dental plaque) lying on the teeth and maturing to become cariogenic (causing decay). Certain bacteria in the biofilm produce acids, primarily lactic acid , in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose , fructose , and glucose .
- Overview
- Stages of tooth decay
- Pictures
- Treatments
- Prevention
- When to see a dentist
- The bottom line
Tooth decay can appear differently depending on the stage of severity. You may experience more symptoms, including pain and swollen lymph nodes, at later stages.
Tooth decay is damage that occurs to your teeth, which can potentially result in cavities, dental abscesses, or even tooth loss. It’s caused by the activity of certain species of bacteria that can live in dental plaque.
The bacteria in plaque can convert the sugars present in your food into acids. If plaque is allowed to build up over time, these acids can begin to damage your teeth.
This is why good oral hygiene is a vital part of preventing tooth decay.
Dental plaque is important to the tooth decay process. Plaque is a colorless, sticky film that covers the surfaces of your teeth. It’s made up of bacteria, food particles, and saliva.
If your teeth aren’t cleaned regularly, plaque can begin to build up. It can also harden over time, forming something called tartar. The presence of tartar can help to further protect bacteria, making them more difficult to remove.
The images below illustrate the different stages of tooth decay. You’ll see that as tooth decay progresses, more and more tissues of the tooth are affected.
Initial demineralization
This earliest stage of tooth decay can actually be reversed before more permanent damage occurs. This can be achieved by treating the teeth with fluoride. You can receive a fluoride treatment at your dentist’s office. It’s often applied to your teeth in the form of a gel or varnish. Fluoride works to strengthen enamel, making it more resistant to the acids produced by plaque bacteria. Fluoride can also be found in some types of toothpastes and is often present in tap water. About 74 percent of Americans that get their tap water from a community water system receive fluorinated water.
Enamel decay
When tooth decay enters this stage, cavities are often present. Fillings are used to treat cavities. When giving a filling, your dentist will first use a tool to clear away any areas of decay. They’ll then fill the hole with a material such as resin, ceramic, or dental amalgam. This material is typically the same color as your tooth.
Dentin decay
Because dentin is softer than the enamel, decay moves at a faster rate when it reaches this stage. If identified early, dentin decay may be treated with a filling. In more advanced cases, placement of a crown may be required. A crown is a covering that covers the top portion of your tooth above the gums (also called the crown of the tooth). The decayed area is removed before the crown is placed. Some healthy tooth tissue may be removed as well to ensure that the crown fits well to your tooth.
Practicing good oral hygiene is an important part of preventing tooth decay. Below are some strategies you can implement to help avoid damage to your teeth from tooth decay.
•See your dentist regularly: Your dentist can help to identify and treat tooth decay before it gets worse. Be sure to see your dentist regularly for routine teeth cleanings and oral exams.
•Brush your teeth: It’s generally recommended that you brush your teeth at least twice per day and after meals. Try to use a fluorinated toothpaste.
•Limit sweets: Try to avoid consuming foods or drinks with a high amount of sugar. Some examples include candies, cookies, and soft drinks.
•Drink water from the tap: Most tap water contains fluoride, which can help keep your enamel strong and protect it from decay.
•Avoid snacking: Aim to limit between-meal snacks, as this can give the bacteria in your mouth even more sugars to convert into acids.
If tooth decay is in its early stages, you may not experience any symptoms. This is why regular visits to your dentist are important. Your dentist can help to identify and address the early stages of tooth decay before they worsen.
Make an appointment with your dentist if you experience tooth sensitivity, tooth pain, or swelling in or around your mouth. These may be signs of the later stages of tooth decay or another dental condition that needs attention.
Tooth decay is damage that affects your teeth due to the activities of bacteria present in dental plaque. These bacteria convert sugars from your food into acids, which can go on to damage teeth.
There are five stages of tooth decay. The earliest stage is often reversible, but later stages can cause permanent damage to an affected tooth.
The treatment for tooth decay depends on what stage it’s in. Some examples of potential treatments include fluoride treatments, fillings, and root canals.
There are steps that you can take to help prevent tooth decay. These include things like brushing your teeth at least twice a day, avoiding sweet foods, and making sure to visit your dentist regularly.
2023年11月30日 · As tooth decay happens, the bacteria and acid move through your teeth to the inner tooth material (pulp) that contains nerves and blood vessels. The pulp becomes swollen and irritated from the bacteria.
2021年1月25日 · 齲齒 (Dental caries)，一般稱為 蛀牙，指的是牙齒上出現了蛀孔，是牙齒受 細菌 侵犯的結果。 齲齒或稱蛀牙，是最常見的健康問題。 如果不及時治療，蛀孔會演變成大洞，侵蝕到牙齒深層構造，可能導致嚴重的 牙痛 、 感染，甚至牙齒脫落。 齲齒有多常見. 蛀牙是極為普遍的健康情況，發生在各種年齡層，但患者中更常見到 兒童 、青少年及老年人。 想降低罹患齲齒的機率，必需靠減少風險因素的方法來達成。 想要進一步了解詳情，請與您的牙醫師討論。 齲齒、蛀牙的症狀. 齲齒常見症狀包括： 牙痛. 牙齒變 敏感. 碰到 甜食，過熱或 過冷 的食物時，牙齒突然感覺不舒服或劇疼. 牙齒表面出現小孔或洞. 牙齒表面上有棕色、黑色的點或白色軟狀 堆積物. 咬到東西時會感到疼痛. 有些症狀並沒有列在上面。
2022年3月2日 · Tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that attack the enamel, or protective outer layer of the tooth. If left untreated, tooth decay could lead to gum disease, cavities, and possibly tooth loss. Unfortunately, tooth decay is very prevalent in the United States.
- Karon Warren
蛀牙. [ Tooth Decay ] 為什麼會蛀牙? 蛀牙是一種牙齒鈣化組織流失的疾病。 初期，只會在進食時或觸摸該部份面頰時感到輕微酸痛感覺，到了牙艱被侵蝕時，患者即使沒有觸碰牙齒也會感到嚴重的痛楚。 構成蛀牙要四個因素：糖份、病菌、時間和牙齒；首三個因素是可以控制的。 甜的食物都含糖份，但不是所有含糖份食物都有甜味。 含有澱粉質的米飯和馬鈴薯分解後就是糖。 黏附在牙齒上的細菌只要有足夠時間分解糖份，就會釋出酸性，蛀蝕牙齒。 如何預防蛀牙? 預防蛀牙，只要少吃甜食，尤其是有黏性的如拖肥和麥芽糖；還要經常保持口腔清潔。 小童定期接受氟素治療，以及在牙坑紋塗上牙紋防蛀劑。 蛀牙應如何治療? 最好治療方法是修補牙齒，醫生會因應不同的情況而使用銀粉、樹脂或游離子填充失去部份。
補牙：補牙是最常見的蛀牙處理方式之一，醫師會將蛀牙部位清除乾淨，然後填補牙齒缺損處，以恢復牙齒結構和功能。 補牙材料包括金屬、樹脂或陶瓷，根據患者的需求和美觀考量選擇。 根管治療：當蛀牙嚴重到影響到牙髓組織，引起牙髓感染或壞死時，就需要進行根管治療。 此過程涉及清除感染的牙髓組織，清潔根管，並將其充填密封，以挽救患牙。 拔牙：在某些情況下，蛀牙已經嚴重到無法修復，影響到周圍健康牙齒或口腔結構時，可能需要拔除患牙。 拔牙後，可能需要進行牙槽骨療法或考慮植牙等替代方案，以維護口腔功能和美觀。 蛀牙嚴重程度3階段. 蛀牙的嚴重程度通常分為以下幾個階段： 輕度蛀牙：輕度蛀牙主要表現為牙齒表面的脫鈣現象，可能呈現小的白色斑點或表面腐蝕。 在此階段，蛀牙僅影響牙齒的表層組織，損害較輕微。
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