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Abstract. Background: As suggested by the World Health Organization, breastfeeding peer support is being introduced worldwide to support women’s breastfeeding needs. Evidence has shown that when such support is offered to women, the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding is increased.
A mixed-methods study on the association of six-month predominant breastfeeding with socioecological factors and COVID-19 among experienced breastfeeding women in Hong Kong. International Breastfeeding Journal 2022 1740 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00484-7. RESEARCH Open Access.
The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of women in Shenzhen with regard to breastfeeding in the first 6 weeks after giving birth, to identify the facilitators and barriers impacting their breastfeeding decisions and to identify their perceived support needs that might facilitate breastfeeding in the future.
Our findings are crucial in deter-mining how best to support nursing mothers in breastfeeding after returning to work, particularly during the ongo-ing COVID-19 pandemic. A breastfeeding-friendly policy with clear operating guidelines in the workplace is critical to sustaining breastfeeding.
- Study Design
- Hypotheses and Outcome Measures
- Study Population and Recruitment
- Sample Size
- Randomisation and Blinding
- Data Collection
- Intervention Tool: The Relaxation Therapy Recording
- Questionnaires
- Other Assessments
- Sample Management and Analysis
A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Chinese mothers who deliver an infant (34 0/7–37 6/7 weeks of gestation) and plan to exclusively breastfeed. Mothers will be recruited while they are in the maternity hospital. A baseline assessment will be conducted during the one week postpartum home visit, with another study visit...
Primary hypotheses
The use of a relaxation therapy by breastfeeding mothers of LPI and ETI that will be given from one week to eight week postpartum, will result in: 1. 1)reduced maternal stress and anxiety 2. 2)greater infant growth, specifically increased weight and length gain Primary outcomes and measures 1. 1)maternal stress and anxiety at one week and eight week postpartum, measured by Chinese version of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) respectively. 2. 2)infant weight...
Secondary hypotheses
1. 1) The use of a relaxation therapy by breastfeeding mothers of LPI and ETI from one week to eight week postpartum will result in increased breast milk volume, energy carbohydrate and total amount of HMO in breast milk. 2. 2) The use of a relaxation therapy by breastfeeding mothers of LPI and ETI from one week postpartum will have a positive effect on maternal attitudes toward breastfeeding and infant eating behaviour. 3. 3) The composition of microbiome in vaginally delivered infant’s gut...
The study population will be recruited from four local community clinics located in different districts of Beijing. The target sample population is Chinese primiparous mothers with a singleton pregnancy who are breastfeeding their LPI or ETI. Eligible mothers (Table 1) will be approached 2–3 days after delivery when they stay at the hospital and br...
The number of mother-infant pairs required was calculated using the conventional formula for two sample t-test: 1. N = 16*(SD2/D2) (N = number per group, SD = standard deviation, D = Difference between group). The SD and D were obtained from the results of the MOM study , which assessed the effects of relaxation meditation tape on reducing materna...
The baseline assessment will be conducted during the one week postpartum home visit. After recording the demographic characteristics of mothers and their early feeding experience, participants will be randomly assigned to either intervention arm or control conditions (standard management) by randomisation envelope. A member of the research team who...
Measures of maternal stress, anxiety, infant behaviour and appetite will be recorded at each home visit; participants can choose to fill the questionnaires on paper or online in their own time after the visit. A breast milk sample will be collected pre-feed and infant anthropometry will be assessed by a trained nurse pre-feed at each home visit. Fe...
The tape used in this study is based on a meditation CD designed for breastfeeding mother . The recording was transcribed and translated into Chinese language by a certified yoga therapist. A brief version of the recording was tested and compared with other four relaxation techniques in a pilot study and was demonstrated to be the most effective a...
Questionnaires that will be used in this study are outlined in Table 2. All questionnaires are available in Chinese. The Chinese version of PSS, BAI, BEBQ, and IIFAS have been used among postnatal women in previous studies, which have presented reasonable validity and reliability.
Anthropological measurements on mothers and infants
Mothers and infants will be weighed at the one week and eight week home visit. The weight will be measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using an electronic scale. Anthropometric measures on the infants also include recumbent length and head circumference. Each measure will be repeated three times and the mean value will be used. All measurements will be done following the detailed instructions provided by the World Health Organization instructions on child assessment.
Test-weighing
For the measurement of milk intake, researchers will lend a digital electronic infant weight scale to mother for 48 h and mother will be asked to weigh her infant right before and right after a feeding, and the duration between the two weight measurements will be recorded to adjust for insensible water loss. Care will be taken to ensure that the infant is weighed with the same clothing before and after the feed. The difference in weight, adjusted for insensible water loss during the feeding p...
Breastmilk samples
Milk samples (foremilk) will be collected at first and final home visits. Samples will be collected separately for the analyses of milk composition and microbiota. Some milk will also be stored for measurement of milk hormones, as part of other research ongoing in our research group. The collection will be conducted by either manual expression or using a hand pump (Philips Avent, Netherlands). All samples will be stored at -80°C until analysis.
Stool samples
Mother and infant stool samples will be collected at first and final home visits by trained nurse and kept in a white capped opaque specimen jar. The specimen jar will be provided by the company with stabilizer in it to keep the microbiome stable. Each jar will be labelled with the baby’ name, date and time of the sample was collected. All samples will be stored at -80°C until analysis.
Analysis of milk composition
The macronutrient content will be measured using the Mid-infrared milk analyser (MIRIS, Sweden) at the research centre of Beijing Children’s Hospital, which will present the content of fat, protein, and total carbohydrate of the breastmilk.
2022年3月5日 · Breastfeeding is a recognised human right of women and children [ 1 ]. Yet, there continue to be egregious violations of these human rights with relation to breastfeeding, including throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
2015年5月5日 · Published: 05 May 2015. Existential security is a necessary condition for continued breastfeeding despite severe initial difficulties: a lifeworld hermeneutical study. Lina Palmér, Gunilla Carlsson, David Brunt & Maria Nyström. International Breastfeeding Journal 10, Article number: 17 ( 2015 ) Cite this article. 5587 Accesses. 21 Citations.
