搜尋結果
12 Member Countries
- This means that, currently, the Organization has a total of 12 Member Countries. The OPEC Statute distinguishes between the Founder Members and Full Members - those countries whose applications for membership have been accepted by the Conference.
www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/25.htm
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Member Countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. They were to become the Founder Members of the Organization.
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The OPEC Fund for International Development is a ...
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The Republic of the Congo became a Full Member of OPEC ...
- Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea became a full member of OPEC on 25 ...
- Gabon
Gabon became a full member of OPEC in 1975 but ...
- Saudi Arabia
The Middle Eastern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia straddles ...
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Sharing borders with three other OPEC Member Countries ...
- Our Mission
In accordance with its Statute, the mission of the ...
- Sitemap
Sitemap - OPEC : Member Countries
- The OPEC Fund
2024年4月27日 · 石油輸出國組織 （英語： Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ， OPEC ，發音為 / ˈoʊpɛk / OH-pek ；簡稱 歐佩克 、 油盟 或 油組 ）是一個由12個國家組成的 政府間國際組織 （英語：intergovernmental organization） ，於1960年9月14日由五個創始國（ 伊朗 、 伊拉克 、 科威特 、 沙烏地阿拉伯 和 委內瑞拉 ）在 巴格達 成立。 如今其總部位於奧地利 維也納 （1965年遷入），目前有12個成員國。 截至2019年.
石油输出国组织 （英語： Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ， OPEC ，发音为 / ˈoʊpɛk / OH-pek ；简称 欧佩克 、 油盟 或 油組 ）是一个由12个国家组成的 政府间国际组织 （英语：intergovernmental organization） ，于1960年9月14日由五个创始国（ 伊朗 、 伊拉克 、 科威特 、 沙特阿拉伯 和 委内瑞拉 ）在 巴格达 成立。 如今其总部位于奥地利 維也納 （1965年迁入），目前有12个成员国。 截至2019年. ，欧佩克的石油产量占 全球产量 的38%、 全球探明石油储量 的71.8%，可以对先前由“ 七姊妹 ”跨国石油公司主导的 全球原油价格 产生重大影响。
- Overview
- Membership and organization
- History
OPEC, multinational organization that was established to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members and to provide member states with technical and economic aid.
OPEC was established at a conference held in Baghdad September 10–14, 1960, and was formally constituted in January 1961 by five countries:
•Saudi Arabia
•Iran
•Iraq
•Kuwait
•Venezuela
When OPEC was formed in 1960, its main goal was to prevent its concessionaires—the world’s largest oil producers, refiners, and marketers—from lowering the price of oil, which they had always specified, or “posted.” OPEC members sought to gain greater control over oil prices by coordinating their production and export policies, though each member retained ultimate control over its own policy. OPEC managed to prevent price reductions during the 1960s, but its success encouraged increases in production, resulting in a gradual decline in nominal prices (not adjusted for inflation) from $1.93 per barrel in 1955 to $1.30 per barrel in 1970. During the 1970s the primary goal of OPEC members was to secure complete sovereignty over their petroleum resources. Accordingly, several OPEC members nationalized their oil reserves and altered their contracts with major oil companies.
In October 1973, OPEC raised oil prices by 70 percent. In December, two months after the Yom Kippur War (see Arab-Israeli wars), prices were raised by an additional 130 percent, and the organization’s Arab members, which had formed OAPEC (Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) in 1968, curtailed production and placed an embargo on oil shipments to the United States and the Netherlands, the main supporters of Israel during the war. The result throughout the West was severe oil shortages and spiraling inflation (see oil crisis). As OPEC continued to raise prices through the rest of the decade (prices increased 10-fold from 1973 to 1980), its political and economic power grew. Flush with petrodollars, many OPEC members began large-scale domestic economic and social development programs and invested heavily overseas, particularly in the United States and Europe. OPEC also established an international fund to aid developing countries.
Although oil-importing countries reacted slowly to the price increases, eventually they reduced their overall energy consumption, found other sources of oil (e.g., in Norway, the United Kingdom, and Mexico), and developed alternative sources of energy, such as coal, natural gas, and nuclear power. In response, OPEC members—particularly Saudi Arabia and Kuwait—reduced their production levels in the early 1980s in what proved to be a futile effort to defend their posted prices.
Production and prices continued to fall in the 1980s. Although the brunt of the production cuts were borne by Saudi Arabia, whose oil revenues shrank by some four-fifths by 1986, the revenues of all producers, including non-OPEC countries, fell by some two-thirds in the same period as the price of oil dropped to less than $10 per barrel. The decline in revenues and the ruinous Iran-Iraq War (1980–88), which pitted two OPEC members against each other, undermined the unity of the organization and precipitated a major policy shift by Saudi Arabia, which decided that it no longer would defend the price of oil but would defend its market share instead. Following Saudi Arabia’s lead, other OPEC members soon decided to maintain production quotas. Saudi Arabia’s influence within OPEC also was evident during the Persian Gulf War (1990–91)—which resulted from the invasion of one OPEC member (Kuwait) by another (Iraq)—when the kingdom agreed to increase production to stabilize prices and minimize any disruption in the international oil market.
Member countries. OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization of 12 oil-exporting developing nations that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. Secretariat. The OPEC Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Membership grew to ten by 1969. The 1970s. OPEC rose to international prominence during this decade, as its Member Countries took control of their domestic petroleum industries and began to play a greater role in world oil markets. The decade witnessed several impactful events that caused volatility in the global oil market to rise steeply.
